The Secret Behind The Smile Monalisa

The mystery of the Mona Lisa's smile indicated in the famous portrait of Leonardo da Vinci finally revealed. German academics feel confident they have managed to solve a mystery that has lasted several centuries behind the identity of a beautiful girl who becomes the object of his famous paintings.

Lisa Gherardini, the wife of a wealthy businessman Florence, Francesco del Giocondo, has long been regarded as the most likely model for the painting of the 16th century. However, art historians have often wondered whether the smiling woman may actually da Vinci's lover, mother or the artist himself.

Now experts at the Heidelberg University library said based on the written record of the owner in a book in October 1503 acquired certainty for all that Lisa del Giocondo was indeed the model in the painting, which is one of the world-famous portrait paintings. "All doubts about the identity of the Mona Lisa have been dashed following the discovery by Dr. Armin Schlechter, "a manuscript expert, the library said in a statement.

Until now, only be obtained "inconclusive evidence" from sixteenth-century documents. "This creates room for various interpretations and there are many different identities put forward," said library. The notes were made by Agostino Vespucci, an official and friend of da Vinci Florence, a collection of letters written in the Roman orator, Cicero. Posts in the record to compare Leonardo to the ancient Greek artist Apelles and stated he was working on three paintings, one of which is a portrait of Lisa del Giocondo.

Art experts, who have linked the creation of the painting in the medieval era, stating that the Heidelberg discovery is a breakthrough and the previous mention linking the merchant's wife with the portrait. "There is no reason to continue to doubt that this is a portrait of another woman," Leipzig University art historian said, Frank Zoelner, told German radio.

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The Original Of The Taxi

Taxi idea before the car?

Before the discovery of a car, rent a vehicle for general practice are in place. In 1640, in Paris, Nicolas sauvage offers horse-drawn carriage and driver for hire. In 1635, the Hackney Carriage Act was first passed laws that control the horse-drawn carriage for hire in the UK.

Taximeter

The name is taken from the word taxi meter. The meter is a device that measures the distance or travel time of vehicles, and allows tariffs to be determined accurately. The meter was created by German inventor, Wilhelm Bruhn in 1891.

Daimler Victoria

Gottlieb Daimler was the first taxi company in the world in 1897 in the form of a special taxi called Daimler Victoria. Taxi cabs come equipped with a newly created meter. On June 16, 1897 Daimler Victoria taxi was sent to Friedrich Greiner, a Stuttgart entrepreneur who started the world's first motorized taxi company.

First Taxi Accident

On 13 September 1899, the first American to die in a car accident. The car is a taxi, there are about a hundred taxis operate on the streets of New York that year. Sixty-eight years of Henry Bliss was helping a friend from the street car when a taxi driver lost control and struck a fatal Bliss.

The first yellow taxi

Taxi company owner, Harry Allen was the first to have a yellow taxi cab Allen painted his yellow to stand out. thanks to his idea gan now synonymous with the color yellow taxi

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The Legend of Santa Claus

The legend of Santa Claus appeared in thousands of years ago. God of war in Northern European legend, during the winter, riding the eight-legged horse sprint to the end of the sky over the sea, punishing evil and praising the good, share the prize. At the same time, the son of God of Thunder is a red dress with lightning as a weapon to fight with all the snow gods in the darkness of night, which ended with the victory.

There is also a legend that says that Santa Claus comes from the St. Nicholas, Sinterklaas therefore also called St. Nicholas, because these stories rekindle the spirit of the Christian majority, place of origin, the story line has been mostly forgotten, but instead of Santa Claus in the eternal spiritual world of many people. Every year at Christmas, Santa Claus riding on top of the constellation Aries, the boy holding the sacred evergreen tree (Christmas tree) down to the human world, but along with the changes in human life, writers and artists began to depict the shape of Santa Claus Santa Claus dressed in red and white beard that we know it today.

Simultaneously there is also a different explanation of the different countries and cultures. The origins of Santa Claus in Germany based on the story of god Woden (from here also the term 'Wodenesday' or the day of Woden, where we call it Tuesday (on Wednesday). Woden important for the residents in what we now know as Germany and the the ancient Teutons, in addition to English people. Woden, which is a figure in history, is described in mythology as riding a white horse through the air, by dressing robes flowing. He has a long white beard and a big hat kerana He is also believed to have wisdom, and he carried a book in his hand.

This Santa Claus makeup became a saint who put the hard-skinned fruit and apples in the children's shoes. He was driving a hansom cab around in all directions, observe attitudes and behaviors of people, especially children, if it shows good behavior, will get a gift of apples, hard-skinned fruit, candy and a large number of other prizes. Meanwhile, bad boy behavior will only get the whip. This is what inspires parents to use the legend as the driving spirit of the children.

In Italy, the figure of Santa Claus emerged from the story about a witch named Befana. He received his assignment from the angels to give gifts to the Lord Jesus when Jesus was born, like the Magi, but because of negligence he had come too late. Therefore Befana punished every year before the birth of Jesus, he must give a gift as much as possible to small children who can not afford. This belief is shared by many people, so the religious leaders in Italy took the decision to trust is transferred to Santa Claus. This is the beginning of the belief that Santa Claus is always giving gifts to children.

In the Netherlands, Santa Claus known as Sinterklaas. Sinterklaas is a bisop who wear hats and have a book that records good deeds and sins. He has a shepherd's staff and riding a white horse on the tube-tube home. Sinterklaas has a slave named Black Peter. In the Netherlands, the children sang songs around the chimney to Santa Claus. Black Peter heard above the chimney is to determine as there are kids singing songs that very well and provide the appropriate gifts to the horse Santa Claus, namely Karot and Straw. The gifts then given to the children through the chimney.

When the Dutch colonialists arrived in the Americas, they also brought along their bishop Sinterklaas, depicted wearing a red kasaya, and riding a white horse. Recent American Santa Claus figure gradually becomes a wise Sinterklaas. Initially, the American writer Washington Owen in the drama comedy (History of New York) depicts Santa Claus as a fat Dutch grandfather and round. 1823, the poet Clement Moore's poem and song "Impression of St.Nicholas" dramatize the figure of Saint Nicholas, grandfather's Christmas (Santa Claus). In the 1960's cartoon movie producer Thomas Nash's painting of a grandfather Christmas (Santa Claus) is a social and fat as an illustration.

As time passes, the figure of Santa Claus to spread to all corners of the world. A large number of countries also stores legend associated with it. Sinterklaas from France named Father Christmas or Pere Noel, Sinterklass from Switzerland named Christkindl or Christ Child, and Santa Claus from the English name is the same with France is Father Christmas, more reverent figure compared with other Sinterklaas, a little thinner. And the Santa Claus of North America is driving a reindeer sled pull snow handing out gifts.

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